German Shepherd Dogs Overview
The German Shepherd Dog is a highly intelligent, athletic working breed that bonds closely with its family. They are loyal and capable, and they need a lot of exercise, training and company to be happy.
At a Glance
- Size - large. Males stand 24 to 26 inches (61 to 66 cm), females 22 to 24 inches (56 to 61 cm).
- Weight - males 65 to 90 pounds (29 to 41 kg), females 50 to 70 pounds (23 to 32 kg).
- Life expectancy - about 12 to 14 years.
- Coat - medium-length double coat.
- Exercise - very high.
Size figures are from the American Kennel Club standard. Other kennel clubs' standards can differ slightly.
Temperament and Training
German Shepherds are extremely bonded to their people and are happiest living as part of the family, joining in with household life. Early socialization and puppy classes are vital, and ongoing training helps a young dog grow into an adaptable, well-mannered adult. They respond very well to consistent, positive, reward-based training.
Exercise and Space
This is a very active breed that needs lots of exercise for both body and mind. A German Shepherd that doesn't get enough is likely to become frustrated and develop unwanted behaviors. Start a puppy with short daily walks and play in a safely fenced area, and build up as they grow. Activities such as agility, herding, tracking and scent work give excellent physical and mental exercise.
Their size and energy suit a home with room to move and a secure yard or garden, and an owner with time for daily exercise and training.
Grooming and Shedding
The double coat usually needs a quick brush every few days, but German Shepherds shed heavily once or twice a year, when daily brushing helps. They only need an occasional bath. Trim or grind the nails every month if they don't wear down naturally.
Health Checks to Ask About
Most German Shepherds are healthy, but responsible breeders screen breeding dogs for hip and elbow dysplasia and degenerative myelopathy, a disease of the spinal cord. In the US, the national breed club recommends hip and elbow evaluations and a temperament test for breeding dogs. In the UK, the British Veterinary Association runs hip and elbow schemes open to all breeds. Ask the breeder for both parents' results.
German Shepherds can get bloat, a sudden and life-threatening swelling of the abdomen. Learn the signs and what to do, and ask your vet how to lower the risk.
Who the German Shepherd Suits
Experienced or committed owners with plenty of time for exercise, training and company, and space for a large dog. A German Shepherd is not a good fit for long days alone or a mostly indoor, low-activity lifestyle.
See also Puppy Training Basics, Feeding Puppies and Dogs by Age and Finding a Puppy.
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